Monday, January 13, 2014

The Ethics of Medicine



[Hippocrates of Cos born 460-377 B.C] Born 1474 years ago and I believe the Hippocratic Oath should still be a marker for ethics in medicine.

     Medicine is the application of medicine in the act of healing, diagnosis, and prevention of medicine. This includes many branches of medicine like pediatrics, pharmacology, neurology,and other areas all based on human biology and myriad of other specialties. The etymology of the word medicine means "of a physician." I guess for once I'm biting off more than I can chew in this blog post.  First medicine started with the Greeks and the Hippocratic Oath. The Hippocratic Oath was started in 5th century B.C by  Hippocrates.Italians started to formally trained Physicians in 1220 A.D (After Death) also know as B.C.E(Before common Era), this I believe was the start of formal training in modern times. The translation of the  original version of the Hippocratic oath, Also Known as the Classic Hippocratic Oath, probably written by Hippocrates of  Cos. My comments are in italics.  "Apollo Physician 
and Asclepius and Hygieia and Panacea and all the gods and goddesses, making them my witnesses, that I will fulfill according to my ability and judgment this oath and this covenant:To hold him who has taught me this art as equal to my parents and to live my life in partnership with him, and if he is in need of money to give him a share of mine,and to regard his offspring as equal to my brothers in male lineage and to teach them this art
 — if they desire to learn it — without fee and covenant; to give a share of precepts and oral
 instruction and all the other learning to my sons and to the sons of him who has instructed me and to pupils who have signed the covenant and have taken an oath according to the medical law, but to no one else.
I will apply dietetic (meaning pertaining to diet)measures for the benefit of the sick according
 to my ability and judgment; I will keep them from harm and injustice.
I will neither give a deadly drug to anybody if asked for it, nor will I make a suggestion to this effect. Similarly I will not give to a woman an abortive remedy. In purity and holiness I will guard my life and my art.(For all you people for euthanasia, abortion, or partial-birth abortion, this Hippocratic Oath presupposed your arguments.)I will not use the knife, not even on sufferers from stone, but will withdraw in favor of such men as are engaged in this work.
Whatever houses I may visit, I will come for the benefit of the sick, remaining free of all intentional injustice, of all mischief and in particular of sexual relations with both female and male persons, be they free or slaves.(Against Doctors using rape from their position of power.)What I may see or hear in the course of the treatment or even outside of the treatment in regard to the life of men, which on no account one must spread abroad, I will keep to myself holding such things shameful to be spoken about.

If I fulfill this path and do not violate it, may it be granted to me to enjoy life and art, being honored with fame among all men for all time to come; if I transgress it and swear falsely, may the opposite of all this be my lot."  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippocratic_Oath  Modern version of the Oath :"I swear to fulfill, to the best of my ability and judgment, this covenant:I will respect the hard-won scientific gains of those physicians in whose steps I walk, and gladly share such knowledge as is mine with those who are to follow.
I will apply, for the benefit of the sick, all measures [that] are required, avoiding those twin traps of overtreatment and therapeutic nihilism(meaning essential morality doesn't exist and life is with out purpose, not using any moral judgement in your treatment and decisions).
I will remember that there is art to medicine as well as science, and that warmth, sympathy, and understanding may outweigh the surgeon's knife or the chemist's drug.
I will not be ashamed to say "I know not," nor will I fail to call in my colleagues when the skills of another are needed for a patients recovery.
I will respect the privacy of my patients, for their problems are not disclosed to me that the world may know. Most especially must I tread with care in matters of life and death. If it is given me to save a life, all thanks. But it may also be within my power to take a life; this awesome responsibility must be faced with great humbleness and awareness of my own frailty. Above all, I must not play at God.
I will remember that I do not treat a fever chart, a cancerous growth, but a sick human being, whose illness may affect the person's family and economic stability. My responsibility includes these related problems, if I am to care adequately for the sick.
I will prevent disease whenever I can, for prevention is preferable to cure.
I will remember that I remain a member of society, with special obligations to all my fellow human beings, those sound of mind and body as well as the infirm.
If I do not violate this oath, may I enjoy life and art, respected while I live and remembered with affection thereafter. May I always act so as to preserve the finest traditions of my calling and may I long experience the joy of healing those who seek my help."


"Yet paradoxically, even as the modern oath's use has burgeoned, its content has tacked away from the classical oath's basic tenets. According to a 1993* survey of 150 U.S. and Canadian medical schools, for example, only 14 percent of modern oaths prohibit euthanasia, 11 percent hold covenant with a deity, 8 percent foreswear abortion, and a mere 3 percent forbid sexual contact with patients—all maxims held sacred in the classical version. The original calls for free tuition for medical students and for doctors never to "use the knife" (that is, conduct surgical procedures)—both obviously out of step with modern-day practice. Perhaps most telling, while the oath calls for "the opposite" of pleasure and fame for those who transgress the oath, fewer than half of oaths taken today insist the taker be held accountable for keeping the pledge."( http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/body/hippocratic-oath-today.html )   I don't  agree with euthanasia, abortion, or in most most cases having sex with a patients during the course of treatment. My only exception to these would be having sex with your wife or husband, if you married before you required to treat them if that is necessary; and abortions when the life of the Mother is in jeopardy by the baby, so it is a life for a life, the mother's life takes precedents due to longevity; also the mother's life take precedents to any number of kids or the husband or father decides. I also don't believe in not swearing on deity. You can change the oath to ones religious persuasion, and those who believe in no deity should fore-swear to Mankind.

   I believe the Hippocratic Oath should be used and physicians should be held accountable to the oath. I also believe the oath should shape how physicians think about the ethics of medical treatment.

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